Technical SEO Fixes for Shopify Stores (2026 Checklist)

TL;DR: Technical SEO fixes for Shopify stores remove the conflicting signals that confuse Google about which pages to crawl, index, and rank. Shopify handles basics like sitemaps, canonical tags, and SSL automatically, but themes, apps, product variants, and filtered URLs create problems that store owners need to fix. This glossary covers every major Shopify technical SEO issue with plain-English definitions, diagnostic steps, and practical fixes ranked by priority.

Shopify is not bad for SEO. It generates canonical tags, creates and updates sitemap.xml files, serves a default robots.txt, includes SSL on every store, and adds the store name to title tags in supported themes (Shopify SEO overview). That foundation is solid.

The problems start when real-world stores grow. Themes link to non-canonical product URLs. Apps inject scripts that tank page speed. Collection pages sit empty. Tag and filter URLs bloat the index. Old products get deleted without redirects. Nobody audits any of it until organic traffic drops.

This guide is a practical glossary of technical SEO fixes for Shopify stores. Every entry includes a definition, a Shopify-specific example, how to check for the problem, and how to fix it. Use it as a reference, an audit checklist, or both.

If you’d rather not chase these issues yourself, Rankai’s done-for-you SEO includes technical SEO fixes, content production, and ongoing monitoring for Shopify stores.

The Signal Alignment Framework

Before jumping into individual fixes, understand why technical SEO problems hurt Shopify stores. Most issues come from conflicting signals. Google processes four types of signals when deciding what to rank:

1. Crawl signal. Can Google discover and access the right URL?
2. Index signal. Is the page allowed and worth indexing?
3. Canonical signal. Does the page point to the preferred ranking URL?
4. Internal-link signal. Do menus, collections, breadcrumbs, and related products reinforce that same preferred URL?

When these signals agree, Google understands your store. When they conflict (a canonical points to /products/red-shirt while collection grids link heavily to /collections/sale/products/red-shirt), Google has to guess. Guessing leads to the wrong page ranking, duplicate pages splitting authority, or important products dropping from search entirely.

Every technical SEO fix in this glossary exists to bring these four signals into alignment.

Which Shopify Technical SEO Fixes Should You Do First?

Not all fixes carry equal weight. This priority matrix ranks them by impact and effort.

Start at P0 and work down. A store with canonical conflicts and indexation problems will not benefit much from schema tweaks or speed optimization until those foundational issues are resolved.

Crawling and Indexing

Crawlability

Crawlability means search engines can request and access your pages. If Googlebot can’t reach a product or collection URL, it can’t rank it.

Shopify example: Products linked only from a blog post buried five clicks deep may get crawled less frequently than products in the main navigation.

How to check: Run a site crawl. Compare URLs discovered through internal links against URLs in your sitemap. Any sitemap URL the crawler couldn’t find has a crawlability gap.

How to fix: Link important products and collections from navigation menus, collection grids, breadcrumbs, related product blocks, and blog posts. Submit your sitemap in Google Search Console so Google has a URL map even if your internal linking is imperfect.

Indexability

Indexability means a page is eligible to appear in search results. A page can be crawlable but not indexable if it carries a noindex tag, is too thin for Google to bother with, or has content blocked in a way Google can’t read.

Important distinction: Crawling and indexing are different things. Shopify’s documentation explains that search engines can index a page without crawling it if they discover the URL through external links or other means.

How to check: Go to Google Search Console > Pages. Look at the “Why pages aren’t indexed” reasons. Pay attention to “Crawled, currently not indexed,” “Duplicate without user-selected canonical,” and “Excluded by noindex tag.”

How to fix: Make sure every page you want in search results has a 200 status code, no noindex directive, a correct canonical tag, and enough unique content to justify indexation.

sitemap.xml

A sitemap helps search engines discover important URLs. Shopify automatically generates sitemap.xml at your domain root and links to separate sitemaps for products, collections, blogs, and pages.

How to check: Visit yourstore.com/sitemap.xml. Submit it in Google Search Console if you haven’t already. Then crawl the sitemap and look for URLs that return 404s, redirect chains, noindex pages, or content you don’t want indexed.

How to fix: You can’t directly edit Shopify’s auto-generated sitemap, but you control what appears in it by publishing or unpublishing content and using the seo.hidden metafield. For deeper configuration guidance, see this walkthrough on sitemap and robots.txt best practices.

The ideal state: every URL in your sitemap should be canonical, indexable, and returning a 200 status code.

robots.txt and robots.txt.liquid

robots.txt tells crawlers which URLs they can request. Shopify generates a default robots.txt that blocks low-value areas like cart and checkout URLs.

You can customize it through robots.txt.liquid in your theme code. Shopify warns that incorrect edits can result in loss of all traffic. This is not an exaggeration. A misplaced Disallow: / line would tell every search engine to stop crawling your entire store.

Critical confusion point: Blocking a URL in robots.txt does not remove it from Google’s index. Google says it may still index blocked URLs without their content if it discovers them through external links. If you need a page out of search results, use noindex, not robots.txt.

When to edit robots.txt.liquid: Only when you have a confirmed crawl-budget problem (thousands of low-value filter URLs being crawled, for example) and a developer or experienced SEO reviews the rules before publishing.

Practitioners on Reddit report that stale robots.txt behavior after removing an SEO app caused locale URLs to remain blocked, creating hidden indexation problems. Always check robots.txt after installing or uninstalling SEO-related apps.

noindex

noindex is a robots meta directive that asks search engines not to include a page in search results.

<meta name="robots" content="noindex, follow">

Best Shopify uses: Internal search results pages, tag-filtered collection duplicates, temporary landing pages, and utility pages that users need but Google doesn’t.

Caution: Google recommends using rel="canonical" rather than noindex for selecting a canonical among duplicate pages on the same site. Reserve noindex for pages you genuinely don’t want in search results at all.

seo.hidden

Shopify offers a native way to hide content from search. Set the seo.hidden metafield to 1 on a page, blog post, or product, and Shopify removes it from sitemaps, search engines, and online store search.

When to use it: For products or pages that should exist on the store but shouldn’t appear in organic search. Gift cards with specific discount amounts, internal test products, or outdated seasonal pages are reasonable candidates.

Warning: Hiding a product also removes it from your sitemap and store search, which may affect internal discovery and recommendation widgets.

URLs and Canonicalization

This is where Shopify stores run into the most technical SEO trouble. Practitioners on Reddit, LinkedIn, and the Shopify Community all point to URL and canonical conflicts as the most common audit finding.

Canonical Tags

A canonical tag tells search engines which URL is the preferred version when duplicate or near-duplicate pages exist.

<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/products/red-shirt">

Shopify adds canonical tags automatically. But “automatically” doesn’t mean “correctly in every situation.” Google treats canonicals as hints, not commands. If your internal links, sitemap, and page content all point in different directions, Google may ignore the canonical and choose a different URL to index.

Google specifically recommends that internal links should point to canonical URLs. This is the single most actionable canonical fix for Shopify stores. For a step-by-step approach, read this canonicalization strategy for duplicates.

Duplicate Product URLs

This is the highest-value technical SEO fix for most Shopify stores.

When a customer clicks a product from a collection page, many Shopify themes generate a URL like this:

/collections/sale/products/red-shirt

The canonical product URL is simply:

/products/red-shirt

Both URLs show identical content. Shopify sets a canonical tag pointing to /products/red-shirt, but every internal link from the collection grid reinforces the /collections/sale/products/red-shirt path. If the product appears in five collections, that’s five duplicate URL paths, all getting more internal link weight than the canonical.

A practitioner on Reddit’s r/ShopifySEO noted that duplicate product URLs, thin collection pages, and unnecessary indexing of tag URLs like /collections/shoes/red are the problems they see most often in Shopify audits.

How to check: Click a product from a collection page and look at the browser URL bar. If it includes /collections/collection-name/products/, your theme is creating duplicate product URLs.

How to fix: Search your theme code for within: collection. That’s the Liquid filter responsible.

product.url | within: collection

This Shopify Liquid filter is the root cause of most duplicate product URL problems.

The risky pattern:

{{ product.url | within: collection }}

This creates a URL like /collections/summer/products/red-shirt.

The cleaner pattern:

{{ product.url }}

This creates /products/red-shirt, which matches the canonical URL.

Shopify’s documentation warns that the standard product page and the collection-context product page have the same content on separate URLs, and merchants should consider the SEO implications.

Where to find it: Search theme files like card-product.liquid, product-grid-item.liquid, collection templates, and snippets for within: collection or within: current_collection.

Caution: Some themes use collection context for breadcrumb navigation. Test changes on a staging theme before publishing. If breadcrumbs break, handle breadcrumb logic separately from product link URLs.

LinkedIn SEO practitioners repeatedly flag this as one of the most impactful Shopify technical SEO fixes. One practitioner noted that while Shopify attempts to handle the problem with canonical tags, it is cleaner to give Google one pathway to crawl instead of relying on canonicals alone.

Tagged Collection Pages

Shopify tags create filtered versions of collection pages with URLs like:

/collections/dresses/midi
/collections/dresses/mini
/collections/dresses/maxi

These tag URLs often share the same H1, title tag pattern, collection description, and product overlap as the parent collection. Google sees near-duplicate pages.

A Shopify Community thread describes this exact scenario: tag-filtered collection URLs getting indexed as separate pages and causing duplicates with the main collection. The community-proposed fix was adding a conditional noindex for collection pages with active tags.

Decision framework:

For stores with hundreds of tag URLs already indexed, this becomes a serious index bloat problem. Prioritize tags with the most indexed pages and least search value.

Faceted Navigation

Faceted navigation lets users filter products by size, color, price, material, or brand. On Shopify, filters can generate hundreds or thousands of URL combinations.

Most of these filtered URLs have no independent search demand. They waste crawl resources and create thin duplicate pages.

How to fix: Decide which filtered concepts deserve their own indexable URL and create standalone collections for those. Keep everything else non-indexable through canonical handling or noindex. A Reddit discussion about Shopify filtered pages confirmed that Shopify may canonicalize filtered pages back to the unfiltered collection, which is correct behavior for most filters. If a filtered concept truly deserves to rank, the cleanest approach is building a real collection page for it with unique copy and a proper keyword intent match.

Redirects and Error Handling

URL Redirects and 301 Redirects

A 301 redirect permanently sends users and search engines from an old URL to a new URL. Shopify lets you create redirects in the admin under Online Store > Navigation > URL Redirects.

Key rules:

• Redirect to the closest relevant live page, not the homepage
• Shopify redirects only work for URLs that return 404 errors
• Test old URLs after creating redirects to confirm they work
• 301 redirects are cached by browsers and search engines, so accuracy matters on the first attempt

404 Errors

A 404 means “page not found.” Deleted products without redirects, changed URL handles, and removed blog posts all create 404s.

How to check: Google Search Console > Pages > “Not found (404).” Also run a crawl and check for internal links pointing to 404 URLs.

How to fix: Redirect URLs that have backlinks, search traffic, or obvious replacements. For truly obsolete URLs with no traffic and no backlinks, letting them return 404 (or 410) is fine. Not every 404 needs a redirect.

Redirect Chains

A redirect chain happens when URL A redirects to URL B, which redirects to URL C. Each hop adds latency and dilutes signal.

/old-product -> /newer-product -> /newest-product

How to fix: Update the redirect so /old-product goes directly to /newest-product. After migrations, crawl the site specifically for chains and fix them in bulk.

Structured Data

Product Structured Data

Product structured data is machine-readable code that tells Google details like product name, image, price, availability, brand, SKU, reviews, and shipping information.

This does not directly boost rankings. What it does is make your products eligible for richer search experiences, including product snippets, merchant listings, and shopping results. Google says using both structured data and Merchant Center feeds maximizes eligibility and helps Google verify product information.

How to check: Run product page URLs through Google’s Rich Results Test. Compare the structured data output against what’s visible on the page. Look for mismatches in price, availability, or review counts.

How to fix: Most Shopify themes include basic product schema. If yours is missing fields (GTIN, brand, review aggregates), you may need a theme edit or a schema app. Validate after any change.

Breadcrumb Schema

Breadcrumb schema helps Google understand your site hierarchy.

Home > Men > Shoes > Running Shoes

When implemented correctly, breadcrumbs appear in search results and help users understand where a page sits in your store.

How to check: Validate with the Rich Results Test. Look for BreadcrumbList markup.

How to fix: Enable breadcrumbs in your theme settings if available. Make sure breadcrumb links point to real, indexable parent collections rather than placeholder pages.

Page Speed and Core Web Vitals

Speed is both an SEO signal and a conversion factor. Shopify’s own 2026 analysis found that for every 100 milliseconds slower a store loads, conversion drops by about 3.5%. Stores with a 2.5-second LCP had roughly 30% lower conversion than stores loading in 1.5 seconds.

These are not theoretical numbers. For a store doing $50,000 per month, shaving 100 milliseconds off load time could mean thousands in recovered revenue. For a more complete performance walkthrough, see this Core Web Vitals guide.

Core Web Vitals Overview

Google’s Core Web Vitals are three user-experience metrics measured at the 75th percentile of page loads:

• LCP (Largest Contentful Paint): Good at 2.5 seconds or less
• INP (Interaction to Next Paint): Good at 200 milliseconds or less
• CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift): Good at 0.1 or less

Use Google Search Console’s Core Web Vitals report for field data (real user measurements). Use PageSpeed Insights and Chrome DevTools for diagnosis.

Important: Lighthouse scores are lab measurements. They approximate real-world experience but can’t capture actual user interaction patterns, especially for INP. Practitioners on Reddit’s r/ecommerce have raised concerns about cheap optimization services that manipulate PageSpeed scores through obfuscated JavaScript without genuinely improving performance. Don’t optimize for a green score alone. Optimize for real-user LCP, INP, CLS, and the actual conversion path.

LCP (Largest Contentful Paint)

LCP measures how quickly the largest visible content element loads. On Shopify stores, this is usually the hero image, main product image, or collection banner.

Common Shopify fixes:

• Never lazy-load the hero or main product image (this is the single most common Shopify LCP mistake)
• Compress and resize images before upload
• Use modern formats like WebP where supported
• Reduce render-blocking CSS and JavaScript
• Avoid oversized slideshow banners with multiple high-resolution images

INP (Interaction to Next Paint)

INP measures responsiveness when users click, tap, or type. Slow filter selectors, variant pickers, add-to-cart buttons, popup widgets, and review carousels all hurt INP.

Common Shopify fixes:

• Remove unused apps that inject JavaScript
• Delay non-critical third-party scripts
• Simplify filter and popup interactions
• Test on mobile devices, where INP problems are most severe

CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift)

CLS measures unexpected layout movement. When a review widget loads late and pushes the add-to-cart button down the page, that’s a layout shift.

Common Shopify fixes:

• Set explicit width and height for images and videos
• Reserve space for review blocks, promo bars, and app embeds
• Avoid injecting content above the fold after initial page load
• Test mobile product pages, where shift problems are worst

Lazy Loading

Lazy loading delays loading below-the-fold images until users scroll to them. Shopify’s performance best practices recommend lazy loading below-the-fold images using the image_tag filter.

{{ image | image_url: width: 800 | image_tag: loading: 'lazy' }}

The critical rule: do not lazy-load the LCP element. If your hero banner or main product image uses loading: 'lazy', it will load late and destroy your LCP score. Above-the-fold images should always load eagerly.

App Bloat

App bloat is one of the most discussed Shopify speed problems in practitioner communities. Review apps, popup tools, upsell widgets, currency converters, chat widgets, and tracking scripts all add JavaScript and CSS to your storefront.

Reddit discussions about Shopify speed repeatedly cite app bloat and leftover app code as top issues. One common finding: uninstalling an app from the Shopify admin does not always remove its code from your theme. Snippets, script tags, and stylesheet references can linger indefinitely.

Audit process:

1. List every installed app in your Shopify admin
2. Identify which apps inject storefront scripts
3. Remove apps you no longer use
4. After uninstalling, search theme code for the app’s name and any leftover snippets
5. Check {{ content_for_header }} output in DevTools for lingering scripts
6. Run PageSpeed Insights before and after cleanup on your homepage, a top collection page, and a top product page

JavaScript Rendering

Some Shopify themes and apps rely on client-side JavaScript to render product grids, collection descriptions, filter results, or schema markup. If Google’s renderer doesn’t process that JavaScript reliably, the content may not get indexed.

How to check: Disable JavaScript in your browser and compare what you see. Use Google Search Console’s URL Inspection tool and check the rendered HTML. If critical content, links, or canonical tags disappear without JavaScript, you have a rendering dependency that needs fixing.

Site Architecture and Internal Linking

Collection Pages

Collection pages group related products and target broader category-level search terms. They’re among the most valuable pages on any Shopify store for SEO because they attract higher-volume queries than individual product pages.

Too many Shopify stores treat collection pages as bare product grids with no intro copy, no buying guidance, and no internal links to related subcollections or guides. Google struggles to understand what a bare grid should rank for.

How to fix: Add 100 to 300 words of useful, unique copy to important collection pages. Include buying guidance, product-type comparisons, sizing notes, or material explanations. Link to related subcollections and relevant blog content.

Reddit Shopify SEO auditors repeatedly flag thin or empty collection pages as one of the three most common technical SEO problems on Shopify stores, right alongside duplicate product URLs and tag URL bloat.

Internal Linking

Internal links connect pages on your store and help Google discover, prioritize, and understand content relationships.

Good Shopify internal linking includes navigation links to key collections, blog posts linking to relevant products and collections, breadcrumbs, related product blocks, subcollection cross-links, and product recommendations.

How to check: Crawl the site and see how many internal links point to your top revenue pages. If important products or collections have fewer than three internal links, they’re under-supported.

For practical guidelines on link quantity and placement, read this guide on internal links per page.

Orphan Pages

An orphan page is a live, indexable page with no internal links pointing to it. It might exist in the sitemap but is invisible to users browsing the store and poorly prioritized by Google.

Shopify example: A product is published and appears in the sitemap but isn’t assigned to any collection, isn’t linked from any blog post, and doesn’t show up in related product blocks.

How to fix: Crawl the site and compare crawl-discovered URLs against sitemap URLs. Any URL in the sitemap that the crawler didn’t find through internal links is effectively orphaned. Either add internal links to it or remove it from search if it has no value.

International SEO and Hreflang

For stores using Shopify Markets to sell in multiple languages or regions, international SEO adds another signal layer.

Shopify Markets automatically adds self-referencing canonical URLs and hreflang tags to market-specific page versions. This tells Google the pages are related but distinct, not duplicates.

Common mistake: Canonicalizing all language versions back to the English page. That would tell Google to ignore every translated version. With Shopify Markets, each version should have its own self-referencing canonical.

How to check: View page source on your French, German, or other market-specific product pages. Confirm rel="canonical" points to the current page’s URL (not the English version) and that hreflang annotations connect all related versions.

Canonical vs. noindex vs. robots.txt vs. Redirect

This comparison resolves the most common confusion in Shopify technical SEO.

The key insight: these tools serve different purposes and are not interchangeable. Blocking a URL in robots.txt does not remove it from search results. Adding noindex does not stop crawling. A canonical tag is a suggestion, not a command. Match the tool to the problem.

How to Audit Technical SEO on a Shopify Store

A systematic audit beats random fixes every time. Here’s the workflow.

Step 1: Set up Google Search Console. Verify your domain, submit sitemap.xml, and review the Pages, Core Web Vitals, Shopping, and Enhancements reports.

Step 2: Crawl the store. Check status codes, indexability, canonical targets, duplicate titles, duplicate H1s, product URLs with /collections/.../products/... paths, and sitemap URLs that redirect or 404.

Step 3: Compare sitemap URLs to canonical URLs. The ideal state: every sitemap URL is canonical, indexable, and returns 200. If Search Console shows widespread “Duplicate, Google chose different canonical than user” warnings, you have a signal conflict.

Step 4: Check collection-to-product links. Click products from main navigation collections, filtered collections, related product widgets, homepage sections, and blog product cards. If product URLs include /collections/ in the path, inspect theme code for within: collection.

Step 5: Audit tag and filter URLs. Are tag URLs indexed? Do they have unique titles and copy? Do they target search demand? If a filtered page deserves traffic, create a standalone collection. If not, keep it out of the index.

Step 6: Validate schema. Check product schema, breadcrumb schema, and organization schema with the Rich Results Test. Compare structured data against visible page content.

Step 7: Test performance by template. Test your homepage, top collection, top product, and a blog post. Use Search Console Core Web Vitals for field data. Use PageSpeed Insights for diagnostics. Test mobile first.

Step 8: Audit apps and leftover code. Remove unused apps. Search theme files for old app code. Check scripts loaded through {{ content_for_header }}. Measure before and after.

For a broader framework beyond Shopify-specific issues, see this guide on performing a technical SEO audit.

Common Shopify Technical SEO Mistakes

1. Trusting Shopify defaults without auditing. Shopify’s automated SEO features are a starting point. Apps, custom themes, and product scale create problems that defaults don’t catch.

2. Using robots.txt to remove pages from Google. Google may still index blocked URLs without their content. Use noindex or redirects instead.

3. Letting collection pages link to non-canonical product URLs. If internal links point to /collections/.../products/..., they conflict with the canonical target. Google recommends internal links should reinforce canonical URLs.

4. Indexing every tag and filter page. Most tag URLs lack search demand, unique content, and a stable product set. Indexing them wastes crawl budget and creates duplicate content.

5. Lazy-loading the LCP image. Your hero image or main product image should load immediately. Adding loading="lazy" to it is one of the most common speed mistakes on Shopify stores.

6. Installing SEO apps that add conflicting tags. Some SEO apps inject their own canonical tags, schema, noindex directives, or scripts. After uninstalling, leftover code can remain in theme files. Always check.

7. Deleting products without redirects. Products with backlinks, traffic, or close replacements should be redirected to the next best page. Only let URLs 404 when there’s truly no relevant alternative.

When to Get Help

Technical SEO fixes for Shopify stores are not one-time tasks. Themes get updated. Apps add scripts. Products go out of stock. URLs change. Google’s indexing behavior shifts.

Some fixes are straightforward admin work: creating redirects, editing meta titles, submitting sitemaps. Others require theme code changes: fixing within: collection, adjusting lazy loading, cleaning up app remnants. A few need developer expertise: custom robots.txt.liquid rules, JavaScript rendering fixes, or advanced faceted navigation handling.

If your team doesn’t have the bandwidth or expertise to monitor and fix these issues monthly, working with a service that combines technical SEO fixes with ongoing content execution is worth considering. Rankai’s flat-monthly SEO program includes technical fixes, human-vetted keyword selection, 20+ pages per month, and continuous rewrites until pages rank.

Find the right Shopify SEO partner to keep your store’s technical foundation solid while building the content that drives organic revenue.

FAQ

What are the most important technical SEO fixes for Shopify stores?

Start with three P0 fixes: submit and audit your sitemap, fix duplicate product URLs and canonical conflicts, and review indexation in Google Search Console. Then move to Core Web Vitals improvements, app bloat cleanup, product schema validation, tag and filter URL management, and redirect hygiene.

Does Shopify handle technical SEO automatically?

Partly. Shopify generates canonical tags, sitemap.xml, robots.txt, SSL certificates, and title tags in supported themes. But merchants still need to manage internal linking, duplicate product URLs, schema validation, page speed, redirects, tag and filter pages, collection page content, and app-related issues.

How do I fix duplicate product URLs on Shopify?

Check whether products clicked from collections load with /collections/ in the URL path. If they do, search your theme code for {{ product.url | within: collection }} and replace it with {{ product.url }} where SEO consistency matters. Also verify that canonical tags point to the preferred product URL and that internal links reinforce it.

Should I noindex Shopify tag pages?

Usually yes, unless a tag page targets real search demand and has genuinely unique content. If the filtered concept deserves to rank, create a standalone collection with its own URL, title, and copy. Keep tag URLs that serve only as on-site filters out of the index.

Can Shopify apps hurt SEO?

Yes. Apps can inject JavaScript, CSS, schema markup, canonical tags, and noindex directives. They can slow page speed dramatically. And they often leave code behind after uninstall. Audit app scripts regularly and search theme files for remnants of removed apps.

How often should I run a technical SEO audit on my Shopify store?

A thorough audit every quarter is a reasonable baseline. Between audits, monitor Google Search Console weekly for new indexation issues, crawl errors, and Core Web Vitals changes. Stores that frequently add products, change themes, or install new apps should audit more often.

What is the difference between robots.txt and noindex?

robots.txt controls whether search engines can crawl a page. noindex tells search engines not to include a page in search results. Blocking a URL in robots.txt does not guarantee removal from Google’s index because Google can index uncrawled URLs without their content. Use noindex when you want a page excluded from search results.

What Core Web Vitals thresholds should my Shopify store meet?

Aim for LCP of 2.5 seconds or less, INP of 200 milliseconds or less, and CLS of 0.1 or less. These are measured at the 75th percentile of real user page loads. Use Google Search Console for field data and PageSpeed Insights for diagnostics.